ࡱ> NPMY bjbjWW "==J_]8,@ Xn"_ a a a 9 ` `Z$yb~~|X|||_ _ || V {_ L 0S*RS Chinese Newspapers in Australia from the turn of the Century Although the majority of early Chinese immigrants to Australia were labourers who had received little formal education, they were just as nostalgic for the culture of their homeland, and certainly as concerned about developments in China, as better-educated Overseas Chinese are today. As the rate of immigration picked up in the nineteenth century, some reasonably well educated people arrived in Australia as well. All felt very homesick, and many were anxious to learn of news from China. Soon Chinese grocery stores in Melbourne began to sell Chinese books. Shortly afterward, the earliest Chinese newspapers made their appearance. Another newspaper to appear over the early years of The Tung Wah News was the Melbourne Patriotic News (Aiguo bao). Founded in February, 1902, this paper aimed to encourage patriotism and to raise the political consciousness of the Overseas Chinese. It consistently argued that Chinese should become actively involved in local Australian political activities in order to protect their own interests. By this time, of course, Australian authorities had introduced the White Australia Policy and had placed many rigid restrictions on entry of Overseas Chinese. The paper was highly critical of a number of Australian regulations - including the prohibition on spouses and children accompanying Chinese immigrants to Australia - on the ground that these regulations were inhumane. It also called for unity among the Overseas Chinese of Australia, proposing creation of a single Chinese organisation capable of representing the entire Chinese community and securing the welfare of all Chinese compatriots. These proposals won the sympathy and support of the majority of Overseas Chinese. Published once a week, Patriotic News circulated its 153th issue on 4 January 1905. There were a number of reasons why Chinese newspapers should have run into difficulties at this time (early 1920s). One was the decline in the number of Overseas Chinese in Australia, which fell significantly from around the turn of the century. Older members of the community who could read Chinese newspapers either returned to their homeland or died. The younger generation, born and raised in Australia, could not read Chinese characters. These developments had an inevitable impact on the sale of Chinese newspapers. Another reason was the advent of air freight between Australia and Hong Kong which developed rapidly after the Second World War. Once aircraft could take off from Hong Kong in the morning and arrive in Australia on the same evening, Chinese newspapers from Hong Kong could be distributed here the day after their publication. The process of printing local Chinese newspapers was relatively slow. Even the fastest needed around three days to hit the streets, which meant that they could not compete with papers from Hong Kong. So when the Sydney branch of the Nationalist Party launched The Australia-China Times (Aohua shibao) in the early 1950s, after the suspension of the party's Civic News, it did not survive for long. When it ceased publication, the last of the Chinese newspapers disappeared from the Australian continent. It was not until 1982 that the first of a new generation of Chinese newspapers appeared in Australia. In March of that year, the Hong Kong Singtao Daily launched its first Australian edition, in Sydney, issuing papers six days of the week. Employing satellite communications to transmit news swiftly from Hong Kong, it rapidly established a market for itself in Australia, New Zealand and countries of the South Pacific. The News (Xinbao) and the weekly Huasheng News followed shortly afterward, also in Sydney, marking the start of anew era in the history of Australia's overseas Chinese community newspapers. Extracts from Chinese Newspapers in Australia from the Turn of the Century by Liu Weiping (translated by Sang Yichuan and John Fitzgerald) on the Chinese Heritage of Australian Federation website at:  HYPERLINK http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/chinese_newspapers.htm http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/chinese_newspapers.htm  PAGE  PAGE 2 http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/education/lessons/lessonK04.htm >? #%.   "/<DFL]j G   FGHIJKLNOUVWYZ`abcd۴ĪĤ0JmH0J j0JUCJ juCJU5>*OJQJ 5OJQJ0J5CJOJQJj5CJOJQJUj5CJOJQJU56CJOJQJ5CJOJQJ 6OJQJOJQJ OJQJmH 5CJ OJQJmH 3!>?@M N IJLMNWXYdh&`#$$!>?@M N IJLMNWXYd  d5CJOJQJ P. 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