stration to another. It has, however, been thought desirable to adhere in this Memorandum to the figures of the census. The outlying station of Aden in Arabia, with a population of 22,507, and the penal settlement in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, of which the population is returned as 8,643, have been omitted, as not being strictly within Indian limits. In a few instances fairly accurate statistics have been obtained for the Native Feudatory States; but as a rule the numbers can only be accepted as estimates, and the present review will, therefore, be limited to those relating to British India.

Density of population.

The density of the population throughout the whole of British India and the Feudatory States averages 165 to the square mile, or, if the districts under direct British Administration alone be considered, there are 211 persons to each square mile on the average. Taking those under British rule, the density is,-

It may be interesting to compare this table with the figures in the margin, shewing the density in certain European countries.

In particular districts of India, the density of the population is very remark- able. In the Report on the Census of England and Wales for 1871 it is observed that "any density "of a large country " approaching 200 to a "square mile implies mines, manufactures, or the industry of cities." A population of 500 to the square mile over any but a small area is very dense. In England (excluding. the three Metropolitan Districts, which have an area of only 118 square miles between them,) there are but seven counties with such a population, namely,-

As a rule, the districts of India are much larger than English counties, and there are no less than 132 with a greater area than the West Riding, which is the largest English County Division. Yet, though the space over which the calculation is spread is so much greater, a density of 500 to the square mile throughout a district is not at all unusual in Northern India. Of the 43 districts in Bengal, seventeen come up to that standard;-